North Kite Pump Guide: Enhance Your Kiting Experience


Intro
Kiteboarding is an exhilarating sport that connects the thrill of surfing and the freedom of flying. At the heart of this sport is the kite itself, an intricately designed piece of equipment that requires proper inflation to function optimally. This is where the North Kite Pump comes into play, a fundamental tool that every kiteboarder should consider as part of their gear. With a robust pumping mechanism and thoughtful design elements, the North Kite Pump offers both efficiency and reliability.
In this guide, we'll take a closer look at what makes this pump essential for practitioners of the sport. We will discuss the intricate details of its design and functionality, highlight important maintenance practices, and explore comparisons with other pumps available in the market. For both newcomers navigating the waters of kiteboarding and seasoned pros looking to refine their setup, this guide aims to enhance your overall experience on the waves.
Essential Techniques
Paddling Techniques
While kiteboarding is primarily about flying and surfing on the waterâs surface, understanding certain paddling techniques can significantly improve your performance. Proper paddle use is necessary, especially in light winds where kite control can be tricky. Using a smooth and rhythmic paddling motion can help maintain speed and balance.
- Keep your core engaged for stability.
- Use a low stroke for balance when navigating.
- Practice switching paddle sides for better maneuverability.
By mastering these paddling techniques, you'll find yourself better equipped to deal with varying wind conditions and water currents.
Safety Practices
When engaging in any water sport, safety should always be at the forefront. The North Kite Pump is not solely a means to inflate your kite; it also plays a part in ensuring a safe experience.
Before you hit the water, consider the following safety practices:
- Always check your equipment, including the pump, before use.
- Wear appropriate safety gear, including a life vest.
- Know the local weather conditions and avoid strong winds.
- Familiarize yourself with the area and any potential hazards.
Following these safety practices can prevent accidents and allow you to focus on enjoying your kiteboarding adventures.
Gear Recommendations
Equipment Essentials
In addition to the North Kite Pump, kiteboarders should consider other essential equipment to create a smooth experience on the water. Essential items include:
- Quality kite: Choose a kite that suits your skill level.
- Board: A lightweight board can increase performance.
- Harness: Opt for a comfortable harness to ensure long hours of enjoyment.
- Safety leash: A reliable safety leash is crucial for emergencies.
Having the right gear can make a significant difference in how you perform and how much you enjoy your time on the water.
Choosing the Right Gear
Selecting the right gear goes beyond just picking items off a shelf. It requires research and consideration of various factors like skill level, style of riding, and even local weather conditions.
Ask yourself:
- How often will you be kiteboarding?
- What is your skill level? Are you a beginner or advanced?
- What are the prevailing conditions at your local kiteboarding spot?
With the right questions in mind and a keen eye for quality, you will be better positioned to choose gear that enhances rather than hinders your kiteboarding experience.
Remember, the right gear doesnât come cheap, but investing in quality equipment pays off in the long run.
Whether youâre eyeing the North Kite Pump or want to explore other aspects of kiteboarding gear, this guide will shed light on how to get the most out of your actions on the water. Look for more insights in the sections that follow. For more information and community discussions, you might find useful resources at Kiteforum, Reddit Kiteboarding, or even Wikipedia for general knowledge.
Intro to Kiteboarding Pumps
In the exhilarating world of kiteboarding, the gear that encompasses your experience can make all the difference. Among those essential tools, kite pumps stand out, serving as a lifeline between you and the wind. Their primary role is to inflate the kite, transforming a piece of fabric and strings into a powerful sailing apparatus. This section delves into the heart of why understanding kite pumps, especially the North Kite Pump, is crucial for fans of this sport.
The Role of Pumps in Kiteboarding
Kiteboarding is not just about the thrill of gliding over the water; itâs about the effortless dance between wind and kite. Central to this dynamic is the pump. Without it, your kite remains a deflated mass of fabricâhardly the site of adrenaline-pumping action. The North Kite Pump ensures that your kite is fully inflated, optimizing its performance once itâs airborne.
Effectively, the role of a pump transcends mere inflation. It influences how the kite behavesâits lift, stability, and overall performance depend largely on how well itâs inflated. A weak pump can lead to a poorly shaped kite, affecting your ride and even safety. A reliable pump not only saves time on the beach but also enhances the symphony of coordination between the rider and the elements.
Notably, the North Kite Pump is designed to achieve optimum results. Specialized features allow for quick inflation and deflation, facilitating more time on the water and less hassle on the shore. Moreover, the pump's mechanisms minimize the effort required. For any kiteboarder, understanding this makes all the difference when the sun is shining and the wind is calling.
Why Choose North Kite Pumps?
As you stroll down the beach, youâll notice that not all pumps are created equal. Some are bulky and cumbersome, while others feel as though they might break with the first push. So, why should one lean towards North Kite Pumps?


First off, engineering quality plays a critical role. North has established a reputation for meticulously designing products that withstand the rigors of the sport. Every time you grab that pump, you can feel the sturdy construction and the thought put into user experience. This attention to detail means that these pumps will last, even after countless rides.
Additionally, ergonomics are key. North Kite Pumps often come equipped with features that promote user comfort, such as cushioned handles and lightweight materials. Youâll be saving your energy for the water, rather than straining to get your kite in the air. Another compelling reason to choose North is the absolute synergy of design and functionality. Many users report a notable decrease in the time taken to inflate kites, allowing them to focus on what's truly importantâenjoying their time on the water. This pump is typically engineered to make inflation a seamless experience, blending practicality with performance.
In summary, the introduction of pumps into kiteboarding marks a fundamental advancement in efficiency and rider experience. The North Kite Pump, with its durable construction, ergonomic design, and time-saving capabilities, stands out as a prime choice for both novice and seasoned kiteboarders. By investing in quality, youâre not just purchasing a pump; youâre enhancing your entire kiteboarding adventure.
Understanding the North Kite Pump Design
Understanding the design of the North Kite Pump is essential for any kiteboarder who aims to enhance their overall experience on the water. The construction of this pump goes beyond just aesthetics; it incorporates specialized materials, ergonomic features, and practical solutions that cater to the unique needs of passionate watersport enthusiasts. Each of these components plays a significant role in ensuring that inflating a kite is not just efficient but also a smooth experience, making it vital to grasp how these elements contribute to the North Kite Pumpâs effectiveness.
Materials Used in Construction
The choice of materials in the North Kite Pumpâs construction is not mere happenstance; it represents a synthesis of durability and lightweight design. Typically, high-density plastics and reinforced fabrics are used. This not only reduces the overall weight, allowing for easier transportation, but it enhances resistance to wear and tear caused by harsh marine environments. For instance, nylon is often chosen for its resistance to UV rays, ensuring that your pump can withstand extended sun exposure without deteriorating.
Another key material is the high-quality rubber used for the seals and connections. These components need to maintain their integrity while being subjected to high pressure and rapid inflation cycles. A good seal can often mean the difference between a smooth day of kiteboarding and frustration from leaks that slow down your launch. Thus, understanding these material choices is crucial for recognizing why the North Kite Pump stands as a reliable option in the market.
Ergonomic Features
The ergonomic design of the North Kite Pump sets it apart in a crowded marketplace. Itâs not only about getting air into your kite; itâs about doing it with comfort and efficiency. The pump often features an adjustable handle that can be modified to suit different heights, which mitigates back strain during inflation. A solid grip is provided by rubberized textures, ensuring you wonât lose hold when the wind starts picking up.
Moreover, many models include a dual-action pumping mechanism. This means that air is pumped into the kite on both the upward and downward strokes, significantly reducing the time it takes to achieve optimal inflation. These ergonomic considerations arenât just added bonuses; they are essential features that enhance your comfort and efficiency during what can be a physically demanding task.
Portability and Storage Solutions
When it comes to watersports, portability canât be ignored. The North Kite Pump is designed with mobility in mind, ensuring it fits easily into your kit without weighing you down. This is often achieved through a compact design that can be disassembled or folded. Some models even come with straps or dedicated compartments for storage, keeping it organized alongside your other gear.
The pump's lightweight materials complement this portability approach, allowing you to carry it without the feeling that itâs an extra burden. Finding a balance between functionality and practicality is a hallmark of good design, and the North Kite Pump excels in this aspect. Whether you are hiking to a remote beach or packing for a trip abroad, the space-saving solutions provided help you gear up without hassle.
"Choosing the right pump can make or break your day on the water. The North Kite Pump's blend of materials, ergonomic design, and portability ensures itâs up to the task, no matter where you find yourself."
In summary, understanding how the North Kite Pump is designed gives you insights into its advantages as a tool for kiteboarding. It combines effective materials, ergonomic considerations, and storage solutions to cater to the needs of both novice and experienced kiteboarders. Knowing these features helps maximize the pumping process, setting the stage for an enjoyable time on the water.
How to Use the North Kite Pump Effectively
Understanding how to use the North Kite Pump is essential for getting the most out of your kiteboarding experience. A well-inflated kite ensures optimal performance, allowing it to catch the wind just right and provide the lift you need. Improper inflation can lead to lackluster performance and even safety issues on the water. Here, we break down the specifics into simple steps and common pitfalls to watch out for, so you can enjoy the waves without a hitch.
Step-by-Step Inflation Process
Using the North Kite Pump may seem straightforward, but there is a method to the madness. Below is a clear process for inflation:
- Preparation: Before you even think about pumping, lay your kite out flat and untangled. Ensure that it is in a safe area away from sharp objects or ways it can be blown around.
- Attach the Pump Hose: Connect the hose firmly to the inflate valve on your kite. Make sure itâs secure, as a loose connection can lead to air escaping.
- Check the Nozzle: Inspect the nozzle of the pump to ensure there are no blockages. A clear pathway allows for smooth airflow into the kite.
- Begin Pumping: Start pumping with steady, even strokes. Avoid too much haste; hurrying can lead to lower pressure. Aim for a balanced inflation, rather than inflating a section too much while leaving others under-inflated.
- Monitor Pressure: Some kites have specific pressure recommendations. You can often feel through the fabric when itâs ready, but if you can, use a pressure gauge for accuracy.
- Seal the Valve: Once you've inflated the kite to the desired firmness, quickly seal the valve to prevent air loss. Doing this swiftly helps avoid any deflation.
"Proper inflation not only enhances performance but also boosts your overall safety while kiteboarding."
- Final Check: After sealing the valve, itâs a good practice to check for any leaks by gently rolling up the kite. If you hear any hisses or see air releasing, readdress the valve.
Following these steps will ensure that youâre ready to hit the water with confidence.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Even seasoned kiteboarders make mistakes when it comes to using pumps. Here are some of the errors to steer clear of:
- Overinflation: Going too far can damage the structural integrity of your kite. Signs include a stiff feel or creaking sounds.
- Underinflation: This can leave your kite flopping around in the air and not reacting well to the wind. You want just the right amount of pressure.
- Ignoring the Wind Direction: Pumping your kite with the wind blowing directly at it can lead to it flying away from you as you inflate. Always keep the kite positioned away from the wind.
- Skipping the Valve Check: Forgetting to check for blockages in the valve can lead to an irritating pump session. Make this a habit.
- Not Sealing Correctly: A sloppy valve seal can let out precious air, forcing you to start the inflation process all over again.
Steering clear of these common blunders can save you time and ensure a smooth kiteboarding session. Remember, practice makes perfect! Happy kiting!
Maintenance of the North Kite Pump
Maintaining the North Kite Pump is not just a good idea; itâs a necessity for anyone serious about kiteboarding. Like any piece of sporting equipment, a little TLC can go a long way in extending the life of the pump and ensuring optimal performance. When you take care of your pump, youâre not only safeguarding your investment, but you're also enhancing your overall kiteboarding experience. With ambition in mind, let's dive into the essentials of proper maintenance.
Cleaning and Care Techniques
Keeping your North Kite Pump clean is a crucial step for both functionality and longevity. Saltwater can be corrosive, and dirt can clog the pump's mechanisms. Hereâs how to keep your pump in tip-top shape:
- Rinse with Fresh Water: After each use, itâs best to rinse the pump's exterior with freshwater. This helps remove any salt that might have accumulated during your time out on the waves.
- Wipe Down: Make use of a soft cloth or sponge during the rinse. This will help to gently scrub away any grime without scratching the surface.
- Check the Valves: The valve is a vital component of the pump. Inspect the valves for any signs of wear or damage after each session. Cleaning them can prevent debris from causing blockage.
- Oil Minimal Moving Parts: For components like the handle and any joints, a light oiling can facilitate smoother operation. However, be careful not to over-oil, as this can lead to unwanted residue.
- Store Properly: Finally, when storing your pump, ensure it's in a dry place. This helps prevent moisture buildup, which can lead to mold growth or rusting.


Following these steps regularly can help turn your North Kite Pump into a reliable partner for many adventures ahead.
Identifying Wear and Tear
Understanding how to spot wear and tear is key in any maintenance routine. Noticing potential problems early can save time and money down the line. Some significant signs to look out for include:
- Cracks and Fractures: Check for any visible cracks or fractures in the body of the pump. These can compromise performance and may even lead to pump failure.
- Rips in the Hose: If your pump has a flexible hose or tubing, examine it closely for rips. A damaged hose can lead to air leaks, which can affect inflation effectiveness.
- Loose Parts: Take a moment to check that all parts are securely fastened. Loose nuts and bolts can lead to poor performance and possible malfunction.
- Functionality Issues: If you find that inflation requires significantly more effort than usual, it might be a sign that the internal mechanisms are wearing out. Donât ignore thisâaddress it early.
Knowing how to identify these issues can prevent more significant problems. Regular inspections make all the difference, turning a casual water sport into a reliable and enjoyable activity.
"A stitch in time saves nine" â and in the cavalcade of sports, maintaining your gear might just be the simplest way to ensure you're always riding smooth.
Troubleshooting Common Pump Issues
When you're out on the water, the last thing you want is for your equipment to let you down. The North Kite Pump plays a pivotal role in ensuring your kite is inflated properly, making it essential to troubleshoot any issues that crop up. Understanding common pump problems not only increases your confidence on the water but also extends the life of your pump. Focusing on these challenges is vital because it ensures you spend more time riding the waves and less time scratching your head.
Inflation Problems
Inflation problems can arise due to various factors, which may diminish the efficiency of your North Kite Pump. One frequent issue is inadequate air pressure, often caused by a blocked valve or a damaged inflation hose. Regularly inspecting the hose for wear and tear can prevent such troubles.
Steps to address inflation problems include:
- Check the valve: Ensure that it isnât blocked with sand or debris. A quick clean can make a world of difference.
- Inspect the hose: Look for cracks or bends, which may cause air leakage. If any damage is found, it might be time to replace it.
- Use the right technique: Sometimes, novice users can inflate inefficiently. Tensioning the hose correctly while pumping can significantly aid in achieving optimal pressure.
Remember, each time you inflate the kite, pay attention to how the pump feels. A sluggish feel can signal an underlying issue.
âRegular maintenance and quick checks can save hours when youâre trying to catch the best wind.â
Deflation Complications
Just as inflation is key, deflation can lead to its own set of predicaments. Perhaps your kite isnât deflating as quickly or completely as expected. This can be frustrating after a long session on the water. Usually, these complications arise from faulty release valves or improper handling strategies.
To troubleshoot deflation issues, consider these strategies:
- Release valve inspection: Damaged or malfunctioning release valves prevent rapid deflation. Make it your habit to check for any signs of damage before and after each use.
- Proper technique: Rolling up the kite while ensuring the valve is opened maximizes air escape. Not doing this results in pockets of air remaining, which adds unnecessary bulk.
- Environmental factors: Cold temperatures can sometimes cause stubborn deflation. If you notice your kite isn't deflating properly in the chill, give it a bit of timeâmanaging expectations around temperature can save frustration.
In essence, quick troubleshooting tips can lead to a smoother process, giving you more time immersed in your kiteboarding adventures.
Related Resources
For more information about maintaining your kite equipment and troubleshooting, check out resources like Wikipedia, Britannica, and community discussions on Reddit.
Comparative Analysis with Other Pumps
When it comes to kiteboarding, having the right gear can make all the difference. Among the essential accessories, a good pump stands out, helping enthusiasts maximize their kiteâs performance. The North kite pump shines brightly among its competitors, but understanding how it stacks up against other pumps is vital for making an informed choice. Here, we delve into the specifics that set the North apart while also appreciating the nuances that other brands may bring to the table.
North vs. Other Leading Brands
In the world of kite pumps, itâs not just about inflationâitâs about how the pump enhances the overall kiting experience. Letâs explore some quality brands in the market and how they compare to the North kite pump.
- North Kite Pump: Known for its robust build and user-friendly design. It often features an ergonomic handle which makes inflating kites a smoother experience. The dual-action mechanism allows users to pump air effectively during both the up and down strokes. This not only saves time but energy as well.
- Slingshot Pump: A popular choice among beginners. While it may not have the same sturdy design as North, its integrated pressure gauge offers a significant advantage for precise inflation, ensuring kites reach optimal pressure.
- Cabrinha Pump: This pump is known for its lightweight and compact format, which is excellent for those who prioritize portability. However, some users find it less efficient for larger kites, especially when compared to the North.
"Choosing the right pump hinges not just on the brandâs reputation, but also on individual needs and the kite size."
While some brands might offer innovative features like quick disconnect valves or extra hoses, the North remains a favorite among many for its reliability and ease of use. The quality of materials also plays a large role. Northâs pumps are often made with durable plastics and reinforced seams that can withstand the elements, giving them an edge over some other brands that may compromise on durability.
Cost Efficiency and Value
When evaluating any product, price is a fundamental factor. Kite pumps are not a one-size-fits-all investment; therefore, comparing cost efficiency across brands becomes crucial. A premium price tag often accompanies higher quality and additional features. However, letâs break down how the North kite pump fits into the broader financial picture.
- Initial Investment vs. Longevity:
- Performance vs. Price:
- Warranty and Service:
- User Satisfaction:
- North kite pumps usually require a higher initial investment but their durability means less frequent replacements. This could translate into savings in the long run.
- The North kite pump outperforms many budget options. While cheaper models may seem alluring, they can fall short in function, leading to frustration during setup or performance lags out on the water.


- Another value consideration is the warranty offered by brands. North typically provides solid warranties which reassures users about the investment theyâre making in their kiteboarding experience. Other brands might not offer comparable support.
- Reviews and recommendations factor heavily into perceived value. Users often acknowledge the energy savings, ease of use, and overall satisfaction that the North pump delivers, affirming its worth against cheaper alternatives.
To summarize, choosing the right pump is not merely a matter of cost. Itâs about balancing quality, reliability, and user experience against the financial investment. Even high-quality pumps like those from North arenât just a purchase; theyâre an investment into enhancing oneâs kiteboarding journey.
Insights from the Kiteboarding Community
Gathering perspectives from those who actively engage in kiteboarding offers a valuable lens through which we can evaluate the North Kite Pump. This section aims to elucidate the real-world experiences and expert recommendations that add an authentic dimension to understanding this essential gear. The feedback from both everyday users and seasoned pros emphasizes critical points that resonate within the kiteboarding community.
User Experiences with the North Kite Pump
Diving into the anecdotes of users highlights the strengths and possible drawbacks of the North Kite Pump. Many kiteboarders have praised its ease-of-use. Beginners, in particular, have found that its intuitive design allows for a hassle-free inflation process, which is crucial for those just getting their feet wet in the sport.
- Quick Setup: A common refrain is how quickly users can be on the water. One user noted, "I appreciate how I can have my kite ready in minutes, so I can spend more time riding and less time pumping."
- Durability: Feedback on the pump's materials often points to its long-lasting nature. A user shared, "Iâve dropped it more than once on the beach, and itâs still going strong! No leaks or malfunctions."
- Portability: Given the need for convenience while traveling, many have found the compact size of the North Kite Pump a major plus. "It fits easily into my gear bag alongside my kite. No unnecessary bulk there!"
Of course, like any product, it is not without its criticisms. Some users feel that the gauge could be more precise, as one kiteboarder lamented, "I sometimes wish the dial was easier to read, especially on a windy day when Iâm in a hurry."
These insights provide a well-rounded view, emphasizing the pumpâs reliability while also noting its room for improvement, which any prospective user might appreciate.
Expert Opinions and Recommendations
Expert opinions enrich our understanding of the North Kite Pump. Kiteboarding instructors and professional riders often weigh in, emphasizing the importance of gear that not only performs well but is also user-friendly.
An instructor from a reputable kiteboarding school stated, "When teaching newbies, I stress the importance of having quality gear. The North Kite Pump represents a great balance of functionality and accessibility."
Moreover, professional kiteboarders endorse the pump's ergonomics. A well-known athlete described it as, "One of the best pumps Iâve used, primarily because it doesnât tire me out. After a long session, my arms arenât screaming from all that pumping!"
Additional Recommendations for Users:
- Pre-Session Checks: Experts consistently encourage users to check the pumpâs seals and nozzle before use. This simple check can save time and effort on windy days.
- Regular Cleaning: Maintaining the pump after use, especially after salty and sandy outings, is crucial to prolong its lifespan. It's a piece of advice echoed by many in the community.
In summary, insights from kiteboarders and professionals alike paint a favorable picture of the North Kite Pump, while also providing practical tips and recommendations that can elevate the kiteboarding experience. For anyone looking to enhance their time on the water, understanding what the community says can not be underestimated.
Future Trends in Kite Pump Technology
As kiteboarding continues to evolve, so too does the technology behind its essential gear. The future trends in kite pump technology are not merely enhancements; they represent a paradigm shift in how kiteboarders interact with their equipment. With an emphasis on efficiency, sustainability, and user-friendly features, upcoming innovations promise to enrich the overall experience for both amateurs and seasoned riders.
Innovations in Design and Functionality
When diving into the innovations in design and functionality, one canât overlook the shift towards lighter and more durable materials. New-age kite pumps are being constructed using composites that are not only easier to maneuver but also resist wear and tear from the elements. The incorporation of smart designâthink ergonomic grips and intuitive pressure gaugesâensures that users can inflate their kites more efficiently and with less physical strain.
Moreover, manufacturers are increasingly integrating features that cater to the needs of diverse user levels. For instance, the inclusion of adjustable nozzles can accommodate various valve sizes, which simplifies the process for novice kiteboarders as they learn the ropes. Additionally, advancements such as integrated cooling systems help prevent overheating during extended use, a common issue that serious kiteboarders may face on hot summer days.
Practicality also reigns supreme in the realm of portability. Some upcoming models are designed to fold into compact shapes, enabling easier storage and transportation without sacrificing performance. These features deepen the connection between the rider and their gear by ensuring the pump is always ready for action, no matter where the waves take them.
Impact of Technology on Kiteboarding
The impact of technology on kiteboarding is a multifaceted story. As kite pumps become more advanced, they not only improve the inflation process but also elevate the entire sporting experience. With innovations come improved performance metrics for kites themselves, as well-inflated kites lead to enhanced lift and handling in the water.
As kiteboarding enthusiasts embrace this shift, they witness significant strides in safety and reliability. The integration of smart technology allows for real-time data monitoring, helping users track their pump's efficiency and condition. In essence, a smart pump can inform riders of potential issues before they become serious problems, ultimately contributing to safer kiteboarding outings.
Going beyond the individual experience, advancements in pump technology also herald a shift towards greater sustainability. Increasing numbers of manufacturers are pledging to use eco-friendlier materials and production methods, a positive trend that resonates with the environmentally-conscious kiteboarding community.
Epilogue
In wrapping up our exploration of the North Kite Pump, it's clear how pivotal this piece of equipment is for both the seasoned kiteboarding aficionado and those just wetting their toes in the sport. This conclusion serves to tie together the threads of this guide, emphasizing both the practical and nuanced aspects of using the North Kite Pump to its fullest potential.
Recap of Key Points
To recap, several distinct features make the North Kite Pump an essential companion for kiteboarders:
- Superior Design and Materials: The construction materials used in the North Kite Pump ensure durability while remaining lightweight, thus enhancing portability.
- User-Friendly Ergonomics: Its design caters to ease of use, enabling effective inflation without excessive strain on the user's body.
- Easy Maintenance: Regular cleaning and checks for wear can prolong the lifespan of the pump significantly.
- Community Insights: Feedback from fellow enthusiasts underscores the pump's reliability and performance, cementing its reputable status.
By examining these elements, kiteboarders can make informed choices, ensuring that theyâre equipped with the best possible tools for their adventures.
Final Thoughts on the North Kite Pump
The North Kite Pump stands as a testament to thoughtful engineering in the watersport arena. Its blend of functionality and design not only meets but often exceeds the expectations set by other products in the market. Many kiteboarders view the pump not merely as an accessory but as a critical part of their overall kiteboarding experience.
Further, as kiteboarding continues to evolve with technological advancements and innovations in gear, the importance of having reliable equipment remains steadfast. With the right tools, including the North Kite Pump, riders can focus on perfecting their skills, enjoying the ride, and embracing the thrill that kiteboarding brings.







